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Calea ferată Timişoara–Arad - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Calea ferată Timişoara–Arad

de la Enciclopedia României

(Redirecționat de la Calea ferată Timişoara - Arad)
Salt la: navigare, căutare

Calea ferată Timişoara–Arad face parte din magistrala CFR 310 TimişoaraAradOradea care leagă cele mai importante municipii din vestul României. Are o lungime totală de 57 km. A fost dată în folosinţă la data de 6 aprilie 1871. Este o linie simplă, electrificată.

Istoric

Primele proiecte

Primul proiect pentru realizarea unei căi ferate de la Timişoara la Arad şi mai departe la Budapesta, datează din anii 18431844, în zorii construcţiilor de căi ferate în Europa. Cel care a elaborat ambiţiosul proiect era constructorul de drumuri Friedrich List. El a imaginat o cale ferată cu vagoane trase de cai, însă proiectul său nu a întâmpinat destulă susţinere.

Câţiva ani mai târziu, în 1848, contele István Széchenyi întocmeşte un nou plan, similar celui precedent, dar cu tracţiune pe locomotive cu abur. Administraţia maghiară l-a primit, însă nu l-a implementat niciodată. După aceste încercări temerare de introducere a căii ferate în zona Banatului, a urmat o perioadă de stagnare a proiectelor feroviare în tot Imperiul Austro-Ungar.

Al treilea proiect datează din anii 1864 şi a fost realizat de inginerii timişoreni Heinrich Reiber şi Zacharias Hermann. Garnizoana de la Arad s-a împotrivit proiectului. Deşi proiectul nu s-a implementat, el a constituit baza tehnică pe care s-a construit ultrior calea ferată.

Decizia de construire a liniei

După anul 1867, autorităţile maghiare intensifică construcţia reţelei feroviare şi relaxează cadrul legislativ pentru a permite extinderea rapidă a noilor mijloace de transport. În acest context favorabil, planurile mai vechi sunt reluate şi perfecţionate de contele Imre Mikó, ministru al comunicaţiilor. De altfel, el a elaborat un plan detaliat de construcţie a reţelei feroviare ungare, printre care se afla şi calea ferată Timişoara–Arad. Un aport important l-a avut generalul paşoptist Klapka, care şi-a adus sprijinul politic necesar trecerii prin Parlament a legii de construcţie.

Astfel, în 1868, Dieta de la Budapesta adoptă Legea nr. 38 din 1868, care aprobă construcţia segmentului de cale ferată Timişoara–Arad şi dispune concesionarea către o societate anonimă particulară care urma să se constituie în acest sens şi care să se ocupe de construcţia ei.

Construcţia

Construcţia propriu-zisă începe în 1869. Linia este terminată 2 ani mai târziu şi este dată oficial în exploatare la 6 aprilie 1871. Avea lungimea de 55,6 km. Conducerea liniei intră în competenţa juridică a Asociaţiei feroviare din Regiunea Tisa.

Primele trenuri care au circulat pe această rută aveau în componenţa lor numai câteva vagoane de călători. Viteza comercială nu depăşea 25 km/h.

Electrificarea

În perioada comunistă, autorităţile au pornit un program masiv de electrificare a principalelor magistrale feroviare din ţară. Acest lucru era de o importanţă critică pentru modernizarea căilor ferate. Prioritare erau Magistrala CFR 900 Bucureşti–Orşova–Caransebeş–Timişoara Nord şi Magistrala CFR 200 Bucureşti–Deva–Arad–Curtici. Linia Timişoara–Arad face legătura între aceste două magistrale şi ca atare a fost şi ea inclusă în planul de electrificare. Electrificarea s-a făcut de la sud spre nord, astfel că linia Bucureşti–Orşova era electrificată în 1969, segmentul Orşova–Caransebeş–Reşiţa, la 20 iulie 1971, segmentul Caransebeş–Timişoara în perioada 1971–1975. În 1975 s-a electrificat şi tronsonul Timişoara–Aradu Nou (terminat în 15 septembrie).[1]

Bibliografie

  • Munteanu, Ioan, Banatul istoric. vol 2. Ocupaţii. Economia, Editura Excelsior Art, Timişoara 2007, ISBN 978-973-592-191-0, p. 472-473
  • Raularian Rusu, Organizarea spaţiului geografic în Banat, Editura Mirton, Timişoara, 2007 ISBN 978-973-52-0201-9 [1]

Note

  1. Raularian, p. 501, citează Pop, Gr. P, România. Geografia circulaţiei, Editura Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 1984

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