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Dragoman - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Dragoman

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Dragomanul sau Marele dragoman al Porţii era o funcţie în cadrul Imperiului otoman asemănătoare unui ministru de externe al Imperiului. Dintre cei 35 mari dragomani care au existat de-a lungul timpului, 18 au fost promovaţi domni ai Moldovei sau a Ţării Româneşti.

Istoric

Funcţia de dragoman a fost înfiinţată deoarece Coranul interzicea învăţarea limbilor „necredincioşilor” iar turcii erau siliţi să se folosească de serviciile unor străini, de cele mai multe ori creştini, care să intermedieze relaţiile externe ale Imperiului. Dragomanul a fost instituţionalizat în 1661, de către marele vizir Ahmed Köprülü, pentru a-l răsplăti pe grecul Panaiot Nikusios care avusese o contribuţie decisivă în negocierile diplomatice pe marginea campaniei de cucerire a Cretei. Lui Nikusios i-a urmat Alexandru Mavrocordat Exaporitul, care a fost dragoman între 1673-1709 şi a jucat un rol esenţial în tratativele de pace de la Carloviţ.

Exaporitul se bucura de multă încredere din partea Porţii. El i-a convins pe turci că cea mai bună metodă de administrare a ţărilor române era să fie numiţi domni din rândul aristocraţiei fanariote, în dauna voievozilor pământeni pe care Poarta îi simţea tot mai puţin loiali. Astfel, Mavrocordat Exaporitul şi-a putut impune pe fiul său, Nicolae Mavrocordat, căsătorit cu Casandra Cantacuzino, ca domn al Moldovei, din 1709. Din acest an şi până în 1821, la conducerea ţărilor române s-au perindat 18 mari dragomani, din 35 câţi au existat de la înfiinţarea instituţiei. Au fost promovaţi în funcţia de domn al Moldovei sau a Ţării Româneşti câte 3 dragomani din familiile Mavrocordat, Ghica, Calimah şi Suţu şi câte 2 din familiile Moruzi, Ipsilanti şi Caragea. Au mai fost puşi domni ai Ţării Româneşti 2 dragomani ai flotei, care nu au fost şi mari dragomani: Nicolae Mavrogheni, în 1786 şi C. Hangerli, în 1797.

Bibliografie

  • Sachelarie, Ovid; Stoicescu, Nicolae (coord.), Instituţii feudale din ţările române. Dicţionar, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, Bucureşti, 1988