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Duşegubina - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Duşegubina

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Duşegubina era o taxă de răscumpărare percepută în evul mediu în ţările româneşti, de obştile săteşti sau de stăpânii satelor, pentru omor, tâlhărie, furt, incest, adulter sau răpire de fete. Se mai numea şi duşebina, şugubina, iar numele ei venea din slavă: duse gubina, adică „pierdere de suflet” sau „moarte de om”. La început însemna o vină gravă, apoi începe să însemne pedeapsă.

Vinovatul era obligat să plătească duşegubina în bani sau în vite. Atunci când vinovatul nu era descoperit, responsabilitatea cădea pe proprietarul locului unde a avut loc crima, sau pe tot satul. Valoarea duşegubinei se stabilea prin tradiţie şi era foarte ridicată în cazul crimei cu autor necunoscut.

Spre exemplu, cuantumul pedepsei pentru imoralitatea sexuală (copil rezultat din adulter) în secolele XVII-XVIII era de 12 galbeni. În secolul XVIII această taxă era plătită de către bărbatul vinovat.

Începând cu secolul XV, în Moldova şi în Ţara Românească, satul în care avusese loc crima cu autor necunoscut plătea domnului o duşegubină extrem de apăsătoare. Se cunoaşte exemplul unei astfel de taxe în valoare de până la 158 boi, 600 de oi şi 20 de cai. Când stăpânul satului nu putea plăti, el pierdea proprietatea în detrimentul domnului, care lua stăpânire peste loc. Când cadavrul era găsit pe hotarul dintre două sau mai multe sate, taxa se împărţea între acele sate şi cu satele din jur. Răspunderea colectivă a satelor era foarte eficientă pentru asigurarea pedepsei. Obiceiul s-a perpetuat până în secolul XIX şi a fost chiar reintrodus după Regulamentele Organice.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române, Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Sachelarie, Ovid; Stoicescu, Nicolae (coord.), Instituţii feudale din ţările române. Dicţionar, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, Bucureşti, 1988
  • Smeu, Georgeta, Dicţionar de Istoria Românilor, Editura Trei, Bucureşti, 1997, ISBN 973-98034-66