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Masacrul de la Aleşd - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Masacrul de la Aleşd

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Masacrul de la Aleşd, judeţul Bihor, (24 aprilie 1904), a fost o acţiune violentă de represiune a autorităţilor ungare împotriva unei adunări socialiste a românilor.

La începutul secolului al XX-lea, mişcarea socialistă începea să aibă din ce în ce mai mulţi adepţi în Europa, ca urmare a discrepanţei din ce în ce mai mari între masele de oameni care munceau pentru puţini bani şi clasele sociale privilegiate, restrânse numeric, dar care reuşeau să acumuleze averi mari în urma activităţilor lor.

Spaţiul transilvan nu a făcut nici el excepţie de la aderarea unor cetăţeni la curentul socialist.

La data de 24 aprilie 1904, în localitatea Aleşd, judeţul Bihor, au avut loc concomitent adunări ale membrilor şi simpatizanţilor a două partide: cel kossuthist şi cel socialist. Partidul kossuthist era alcătuit din maghiari, iar cel socialist din români. Existau tensiuni între cele partide, nu numai din cauza programelor politice, ci şi din cauza componenţei lor etnice.

Cele două partide se duşmăneau, astfel încât atmosfera din localitate era deosebit de încărcată la ora 15, când cele două adunări au început în piaţa centrală a orăşelului. Un cordon de husari păzea piaţa centrală, iar jandarmii patrulau la marginile acesteia. Văzând tensiunea dintre cele două tabere politice, primpretorul a ordonat jandarmilor să împrăştie adunarea socialiştilor. Jandarmii au pornit să înainteze cu baioneta la armă, dar socialiştii s-au apărat cu bastoanele. Un foc de revolver tras probabil din tabăra socialistă a rănit un subofiţer. S-a ordonat foc de armă asupra românilor, iar jandarmii au tras în plin. Douăzecişicinci de oameni au fost ucişi pe loc, alţi cincizeci au fost răniţi, unii decedând ulterior în urma rănilor primite. Toţi erau români.

Alte surse indică douăzecişicinci de ucişi pe loc, treizeci de răniţi grav, dintre care şapte au murit la scurt timp, o sută de răniţi uşor din rândul manifestanţilor şi nici o pierdere din partea autorităţilor.

În centrul oraşului Aleşd, pe locul desfăşurării masacrului, se află amplasat un monument în amintirea victimelor incidentului.

Bibliografie

  • Neş, Nicolae - Oameni din Bihor (1848-1918), 1937
  • Theodoru, Radu - Urmaşii lui Attila, Editura Miracol, Bucureşti, 1999, ISBN 973-9315-38-0