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Postelnic - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Postelnic

de la Enciclopedia României

Salt la: navigare, căutare

În Evul Mediu, Postelnicul era un dregător din Moldova şi Ţara Românească, care se ocupa de patul şi de odaia de culcare a domnitorului. Avea acces tot timpul la domn. La început a fost un dregător de curte, de mică importanţă, dar cu trecerea timpului a devenit din ce în ce mai important. I-a fost atribuită sarcina de a introduce soliile sau solicitanţii în audienţă la domnitor. De aceea trebuia să cunoască şi limbi străine. În secolele XVII-XVIII a devenit unul dintre principalii sfetnici ai domnului. Juca rol de mijlocitor între domn şi dregători şi reprezentanţii statelor străine. În relaţia cu Poarta se ocupa de corespondenţa domnului cu aceasta şi cu paşalele din serhaturi. În secolul XIX, pe măsură ce importanţa diplomaţie a crescut şi s-au înfiinţat consulatele, marii postelnici au devenit un fel miniştri pentru relaţiile cu exteriorul şi aveau uneori împuternicire să negocieze cu străinii în numele domnului.

În Ţara Românească se mai numea şi stratornic. Originea numelui este neclară, dar probabil că vine de la „strat”, cu sensul de „pat”. În documentele latine apare uneori cu numele cubicularius, ca şi în Imperiul bizantin. Interesant este că, la români, copiii de boieri purtau de mici titlul de postelnic, ceea ce arată postelnicul era cel mai răspândit titlu onorific.

Subalternii săi erau vtori-, tretipostelnicul şi postelniceii, care formau o categorie militară.

Prima menţiune documentară datează din 8 martie 1407 în Moldova şi 18 iulie 1437 în Ţara Românească.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române, Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Sachelarie, Ovid; Stoicescu, Nicolae (coord.), Instituţii feudale din ţările române. Dicţionar, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, Bucureşti, 1988
  • Scorpan, Costin, Istoria României. Enciclopedie, Editura Nemira, Bucureşti, 1997 ISBN 973-569-180-9