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TPD - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

TPD

de la Enciclopedia României

Salt la: navigare, căutare

TPD (Terminal de Pregătire a Datelor) a fost în principal un terminal inteligent de prelucrare a datelor care se putea cupla la diverse minicalculatoare, dar care putea lucra şi ca microcalculator independent. Fabricat la Întreprinderea de Echipamente Periferice (IEPER) încă din 1983, sistemul era compatibil CP/M.

De-a lungul timpului au fost realizate mai multe modele. Iniţial, TPD era echipat cu un microprocesor 8080 ce funcţiona la 1,8 MHz, un controlor de întreruperi 8259, un controlor de ecran 8274, un controlor de disc 8271, un controlor de transmisie serială 8251, un canal de acces direct la memorie 8257, o interfaţă paralelă 8255 şi un ceas numărător 8253. Memoria RAM putea avea o capacitate între 32 şi 64 kB, iar memoria ROM avea 2 kB (tip REPROM), suficienţi pentru a conţine un încărcător de sistem şi monitor redus pentru depanare. Acest model trebuia să uşureze calculatoarelor medii şi mari procesul de introducere şi pregătire a datelor. Nu putea lucra decât în sistem text, monocrom, într-o fereastră de 80 × 25 caractere.

Ulterior, datorită dezvoltării tehnologiilor hardware şi software din România, TPD a evoluat către un calculator personal-profesional. Controlorul de ecran 8275 a fost înlocuit pentru a putea utiliza ecranul şi în mod grafic, la o rezoluţie de 512 × 288 puncte. Memoriei RAM de 64 kB i s-a adăugat o memorie video de 32 kB.

O a treia variantă a calculatorului TPD utiliza controlorul de disc de dublă densitate 8272.

Ultima arhitectură a acestui calculator, din 1985, a fost proiectată în jurul microprocesorului Z80, pe o singură placă. Acest model avea tastatura încorporată şi utiliza drept ecran un monitor TV. Prin interfaţa paralelă puteau fi cuplate mai multe tipuri de imprimante, iar prin interfaţa serială — cititoare de cartele, plottere, unităţi de benzi magnetice, linii de transmisie.

TPD a fost echipat fie cu sistemul de operare CP/M, fie cu un altul original IEPER, numit CP/M-TPD, compatibil cu CP/M-M 118. Terminalele care rulau CP/M original, erau cu un limbaj de asamblare şi cu limbaje evoluate precum FORTRAN, C, BASIC şi COBOL. Special pentru aplicaţii grafice a fost implementată o bibliotecă de rutine grafice. Tot pentru TPD, IEPER în colaborare cu ITCI Bucureşti au creat editorul de texte SUPERTEXT, care folosea şi caracterele limbii române.

La IEPER a fost realizat şi un sistem de culegere de date EPD, alcătuit din 5 terminale TPD, pentru culegerea de date de pe bandă magnetică.

Bibliografie

  • A. Petrescu, F. Iacob, Gh. Rizescu, C. Novăcescu, E. Decsov, T. Ilin, F. Bar, R. Berindeanu, D. Pănescu, Totul despre... Calculatorul personal aMIC, vol. I, Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti, 1985.