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Bătălia de la Câmpul Pâinii - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Bătălia de la Câmpul Pâinii

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Bătălia de la Câmpul Pâinii (1479)
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Comandant:
Ali Mihaloglu, Paşa Vidinului; Iskender bey


13 octombrie 1479
Câmpia Pâinii, Orăştie

Comandant:
Ştefan Báthory de Ecsed, Pavel Chinezul


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Schema bataliei de la Campul Painii.jpg

Rezultat: Victoria armatelor creştine

Bătălia de la Câmpul Pâinii (13 octombrie 1479). Expediţie otomană în Transilvania. O puternică oaste (c. 40.000 oşteni) condusă de paşa de Vidin, Ali Mihaloglu şi Iskender bey trece Dunărea pe la Orşova.

Alături de un corp de oaste muntean condus de Basarab Ţepeluş (1474 – 1475, 1478 – 1482), atacă Transilvania. Înaintează pe Valea Oltului, mergând până la confluenţa cu Lotrul, după care, se despart, pentru a cuprinde o arie cât mai largă. Oastea condusă de Ali bey coboară pe Valea Sebeşului, cealaltă, condus de Iskender bey, coboară spre Haţeg şi Caransebeş. Acestea atacă şi jefuiesc Sebeş, Alba Iulia, Haţeg şi Hunedoara, după care fac joncţiunea pe Valea Mureşului.

Lângă Orăştie, otomanii au întâlnit armata creştină, din care făceau parte trupele voievodului Transilvaniei Ştefan Báthory de Ecsed (1479 – 1493), oastea condusă de primarul Sibiului, Georg Hecht, un mic corp ce avea în frunte pe comitele Timişoarei şi căpitanul general al armatelor maghiare, Pavel Chinezul (Pál Kinizsi), un grup de munteni, strânşi de fostul domn Laiotă Basarab, alături de sârbii despotului Vuk Branković (1471 – 1497), în total 12.000 – 15.000 de oşteni.

Lupta se dă pe Câmpul Pâinii, în apropierea Orăştiei. Oastea creştină era flancată de steagurile secuieşti şi de banderiile nobiliare, în stânga, şi de steagurile săseşti şi româneşti, pe dreapta, în centru aflându-se cavaleria grea. Trupele voievodului Ştefan Báthory dau primul atac, cea mai mare parte a muntenilor, plasaţi în fruntea oştilor otomane, fiind ucisă. Ele sunt copleşite de oastea otomană net superioară. În pragul unei catastrofe, Pavel Chinezul atacă fulgerător din spatele oştirii otomane şi obţine o victoria, mai mult de jumătate din oastea otomană căzând pe câmpul de bătălie. Cei rămaşi se retrag în neorânduială, fiind urmăriţi de creştini până la graniţă.

Bătălia are un important ecou, atacurile otomane asupra Transilvaniei se răresc, iar cele care au loc sunt mai puţin primejdioase.

Bibliografie

  • George Marcu (coord.), Enciclopedia bătăliilor din istoria românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti, 2011