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Bătălia din Transilvania (1241) - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Bătălia din Transilvania (1241)

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Bătălia pentru Transilvania (1241). Atacul oştilor mongole asupra teritoriilor româneşti în drumul lor spre centrul Europei.

Sub marele han Ogodai, hoardele tătare, conduse de Batu-han şi Subotai, reiau ofensiva. Sunt cucerite imense teritorii ruseşti, este desfiinţată Bulgaria Mare de pe Volga, Armenia este devastată iar oraşele Moscova, Suzdal, Vladimir şi Kiev sunt nimicite. Dinspre Polonia, o oaste se îndreaptă spre Ungaria şi teritoriile locuite de români.

Oştile conduse de Cadan şi Buri au trecut prin Bucovina şi pasul Oituz şi au devastat Rodna, Bistriţa, Dej, Cluj, Zalău, Oradea, Braşov, Ţara Bârsei, Cetatea de Baltă, Sibiu şi Sebeş. În Ţara Bârsei, mongolii au fost întâmpinaţi de oştile voievodului transilvănean, dar au fost repede risipite după ce conducătorul cade pe câmpul de luptă.

Mai multe surse contemporane – Jean de Ypres, Marino Sanudo, Rashid-od-Din sau cronica rusească Voskresenskaja – subliniază distrugerile provocate de atacatori şi sporirea sentimentului de nesiguranţă în rândul populaţiei, dar şi măsurile luate de aceasta pentru paza trecătorilor şi opoziţia armată înregistrată la nord de Dunăre.

Invazia a permis Transilvaniei, prin slăbirea Regatului ungar, să-şi consolideze autonomia şi să spere, către sfârşitul veacului XIII, la o separare completă.

Bibliografie orientativă

  • George Marcu (coord.), Enciclopedia bătăliilor din istoria românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti, 2011