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Bărăgan - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Bărăgan

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Bărăganul (sau Câmpia Bărăganului) este o subunitate estică a Câmpiei Române, cuprinsă între valea Dunării (în sud şi est), valea Buzăului, regiunea subcarpatică şi Siretul interior în nord, şi valea Mostiştei la vest. Este considerată „grânarul României”.

Descriere

Denumirea de "Bărăgan" derivă de la un termen turco-cuman, care înseamnă „teren arid”, „sterp”.[1] Se împarte în două subunităţi: Bărăganul Mostiştei, la sud de valea Ialomiţei şi Bărăganul Ialomiţei, la nord de aceasta.

Este o regiune netedă, acoperită de un strat gros de loess (10 - 40m). Este presărată cu numeroase crovuri, cu dune (în zona Ialomiţei), limane fluviale şi cu câteva lacuri sărate. O altă caracteristică este prezenţa văilor de tip „mostişte”. Solurile sunt predominant cernozomice, foarte fertile, cu un conţinut ridicat de humus. În medie, pânza freatică se situează la circa 15-20 m adâncime.

Climatul este specific stepei, cu veri fierbinţi şi uscate şi ierni geroase, influenţate de bătaia crivăţului. Vegetaţia este la rândul ei caracteristică stepei.

Agricultură

În condiţii normale de umiditate naturală sau de irigaţii, câmpia Bărăganului este foarte productivă. Predomină cultura cerealelor (grâu şi porumb). Se mai cultivă floarea-soarelui, iar în valea Ialomiţei sfeclă de zahăr, tutun şi orez. În special în perioada comunistă au avut loc importante acţiuni de mărire a suprafeţelor agricole irigabile, prin asanare şi îndiguiri. Pentru prelucrarea materiilor prime s-au dezvoltat şi industrii adiacente.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române, Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Ghinea, Dan, Enciclopedia geografică a României, Editura Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 2000

Lecturi suplimentare

  • Banu, A.C., Bărăganul, Editura Ştiinţifică, Bucureşti, 1964
  • Bogdan, Octavia, Potenţialul climatic al Bărăganului, Editura Academiei R.S.R, Bucureşti, 1980

Note

  1. Ghinea, p.120

Vedeţi şi