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Calea ferată Ilva Mică-Vatra Dornei - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Calea ferată Ilva Mică-Vatra Dornei

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Calea ferată Ilva Mică-Vatra Dornei este o cale ferată care face legătura între nordul Transilvaniei şi Bucovina. Situată pe un traseu muntos deosebit de dificil, este una dintre cele mai importante realizări de inginerie tehnică românească. Are 75,7 km lungime, cu 9 tunele, 12 viaducte mari şi mici, 11 poduri mari şi 22 poduri mici. Cea mai mare diferenţa de nivel se înregistrează între staţiile Ilva Mică şi Grădiniţa (501 m). Pe acest traseu circulă trenurile care vin de la Cluj sau Timişoara şi merg la Iaşi sau Galaţi. Cei 75 km sunt străbătuţi de un tren rapid în circa 1 h 33 min.

Istoric

Construcţia căii ferate a început încă din 1923. Deoarece ritmul lucrărilor a fost mult prea lent, la 17 iunie 1937 guvernul a adoptat un decret pentru accelerarea lucrărilor, întrucât nevoile economice şi militare deveneau tot mai stringente. Calea ferată a fost dată în exploatare la 15 decembrie 1938.

La momentul construcţiei, a fost unul din principalele punctele feroviare de legătură dintre Transilvania şi Vechiul Regat şi a contribuit la unificarea pieţei interne a României moderne. A costat peste un miliard lei.

În timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial a fost puternic distrusă. A fost reconstruită şi redată circulaţiei în 1947.

În 1939, Căile Ferate Române au produs un film documentar intitulat Linia de cale ferata Ilva Mica - Vatra Dornei, în regia lui Nicolae Traian Bratu. Filmul cuprindea secvenţe animate cu desene ale soluţiilor tehnice. Filmul a fost prezentat la Congresul inginerilor C.F.R. din februarie 1940.

Traseu

Traseul este următorul: Ilva Mică - Strâmba (km 3) - Leşu Ilvei (km 5) - Poiana Ilvei (km 13) - Măgura Ilvei (km 17) - Ilva Mare (km 24) - Lunca Ilvei (km 32) - Silhoasa (km 37) - Larion (km 44) - Grădiniţa (km 50) - Coşna (km 58) - Floreni (km 64) - Dorna Candrenilor (km 67) - Roşu (km 70) - Vatra Dornei Băi (km 74) - Vatra Dornei (km 75).

Bibliografie

  • Botez, Constantin, Epopeea feroviară românească, Editura Sport–Turism, Bucureşti, 1977