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Mortierul Škoda, model 1916 - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Mortierul Škoda, model 1916

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Mortierul Škoda, model 1916, calibru 305 mm (denumirea originală folosită în armata austro-ungară "30,5 cm Mörser M16") a fost o piesă de artilerie de mare calibru, intrată în înzestrarea armatei române la sfârşitul Primului Război Mondial.

Mortierele de mare calibru au fost realizate de către armata austro-ungară pentru a distruge fortificaţiile inamice, care deveniseră din ce în ce mai puternice, cu ziduri foarte groase, şi care nu puteau fi distruse de artileria disponibilă până atunci. În plus, ele puteau fi folosite cu efect devastator împotriva forţei vii a inamicului, dacă aceasta era suprinsă în câmp deschis, folosindu-se împotriva ei şrapnele, proiectile perforante grele sau uşoare.

Acest tip de mortier de mare calibru a fost fabricat la Škoda Werke, o importantă fabrică de armament din Imperiul Austro-Ungar. Un mortier de acest tip a fost capturat de armata română în Ungaria în anul 1919 în timpul campaniei antibolşevice desfăşurate în această ţară. Mortierul poartă numărul de fabricaţie 87 (a fost a 87-a piesă de mare calibru fabricată la Škoda Werke) şi se poate vedea astăzi expus la Muzeul Militar Naţional "Regele Ferdinand I" din Bucureşti. Piesa nu a fost folosită niciodată în luptă de către armata română.

Deplasarea acestui mortier se realiza prin mijloace auto proprii, cu ajutorul unui autotractor, care tracta trei remorci, pe care se aflau piesele demontate ale armei. Au existat două tipuri de autotractoare, care se deplasau, încărcate, pe drumuri amenajate sau nu, cu o viteză de 6 kilometri/oră. Un al treilea model de autotractor a fost realizat în anul 1917.

Bibliografie

  • Scafeş, Ioan I., Scafeş, Cornel I. - Fabricat la "Škoda Werke" - Artilerie de asediu în colecţia Muzeului Militar, Editura Alpha MDN, Bucureşti, 2010 ISBN 978-973-139-170-0