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Bătălia de la Cursul Apei - Pârâul Vodna (18 – 20 noiembrie 1473) - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Bătălia de la Cursul Apei - Pârâul Vodna (18 – 20 noiembrie 1473)

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Bătălia de la Cursul Apei [Pârâul Vodna] (18 – 20 noiembrie 1473), între Ştefan cel Mare, domnul Moldovei (1457 – 1504) şi domnul Ţării Româneşti, Radu cel Frumos (1462 – 1473, 1473 – 1475), în vederea instalării pe tronul muntean a lui Laiotă Basarab (1473, 1474, 1475 – 1476, 1477).

Pregătindu-se de un atac otoman, domnul Moldovei a încercat să impună în Ţara Românească un domn fidel politicii antiotomane, scopul său fiind de a transforma acest teritoriu într-un „scut, dar şi o bază de acţiune pentru momentul când sultanul avea să se îndrepte împotriva lui” (Ştefan Gorovei). El şi-a ales foarte bine momentul, când oastea lui Radu cel Frumos era împuţinată, datorită obligaţiei de a-l ajuta pe sultan în lupta cu hanul turkmen Uzun Hassan (1453 – 1478), fiind trimişi c. 12 000 oşteni.

Din 8 noiembrie 1473, Ştefan a concentrat la Milcov 48 de steaguri, împărţite în 12 grupuri (24 000 oşteni), pe care le direcţionează pe mai multe căi, spre Teleajen. Tactica folosită a permis ritm de marş rapid, o aprovizionare mai bună şi inducerea unei păreri greşite duşmanului asupra puterii efectivelor sale. Cronica moldo-germană relatează: „Atunci s-au unit toate cetele împreună, noaptea, încât Radul voievod, nici oastea lui, nu ştiau nimic despre aceştia şi nu credeau altfel, decât că erau aşa de puţini, câţi văzuseră dintr-înşii”.

Domnul muntean a avut l-a dispoziţie doar două zile pentru a se pregăti. Principalele cronici interne prezintă amănunţit evenimentele: Letopiseţul anonim al Moldovei arată că luptele au început „la 18, joi, la locul numit pârâul Vodna. Şi acolo s-au bătut până seara, asemenea şi vineri şi sâmbătă până seara, care este 20 ale aceleiaşi luni” (Cronicile slavo-române).

Localizarea acestei bătălii a fost făcută de Petre P. Panaitescu pe un afluent al râului Prahova, pârâul Vodna, aflat la c. 45 km de Bucureşti. Radu a pierdut „şi a fugit cu toată oastea sa în cetatea sa de scaun, numită Dâmboviţa”. Domnul muntean este înfrânt decisiv la Cetatea Dâmboviţei, şi pierde domnia.

Bibliografie

  • George Marcu (coord.), Enciclopedia bătăliilor din istoria românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti, 2011