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Bătălia de la Mirăslău - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Bătălia de la Mirăslău

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Bătălia de la Mirăslău (8/18 septembrie 1600), dintre banderiile nobiliare maghiare, sprijinite de oastea imperială, condusă de generalul Giorgio Basta, şi Mihai Viteazul (1593 – 1601).

Conflictul dintre domnul muntean, devenit şi principe al Transilvaniei, şi nobilii transilvăneni s-a acutizat. În Dieta de la Turda, convocată de Ştefan Csáki (care dorea el însuşi să devină principe al Transilvaniei) la 23 august/2 septembrie 1599, s-a hotărât recunoaşterea autorităţii împăratului german Rudolf II (1576 – 1612), considerându-se stăpânirea lui Mihai în Transilvania ca nelegitimă.

Nobilii maghiari cer ajutorul lui Giorgio Basta, care răspunde prompt chemării, pornind din Ungaria Superioară spre Transilvania. Oraşele săseşti şi-au declarat sprijinul faţă de răsculaţi. Cavaleria şi trupele maghiare îl părăsesc pe Mihai şi trec în tabăra nobilimii. Ajutoarele venite din Muntenia sunt oprite de braşoveni la 2/12 septembrie şi 4/14 septembrie 1599.

În timp ce Mihai Viteazul dispunea de c. 10.000 – 12.000 de oameni („oaste de strânsură”), armata nobilimii, aliată cu cea a lui Basta, era formată din c. 18.000 de oameni (din care 6.000 de cavaleri germani şi flamanzi, purtători de cuirase, şi muschetari valoni şi francezi).

Mihai îşi aşează oastea la Mirăslău (jud. Alba), un loc îngust între râul Mureş, dealuri, pârâul Lapad şi o pădure (care a fost întărită prin şanţuri). Lupta începe cu atacurile artileriei, din ambele părţi. Giorgio Basta simulează retragerea pentru a-l obliga pe Mihai să părăsească poziţia şi acesta cade în plasă. Cavaleria sa este atacată de muschetari şi cuirasaţi şi este risipită, tunurile sunt pierdute, în timp ce o mare parte din mercenarii cazaci îl părăsesc.

Înfrângerea este catastrofală, 4.000 dintre oamenii săi au murit, domnul, pentru a se salva, trece Mureşul, pornind spre Alba Iulia. Cu ajutor muntean reuşeşte să ia tezaurul din capitala Transilvaniei şi, în contextul pătrunderii oştilor polone în Moldova şi Ţara Românească, trece munţii pentru a-şi apăra ţara.

Bibliografie

  • George Marcu (coord.), Enciclopedia bătăliilor din istoria românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti, 2011