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Cetatea Deva - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Cetatea Deva

de la Enciclopedia României

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Ruinele cetăţii Devei, văzute din interior
Dealul cetăţii Deva cu telecabina dată în folosinţă în luna iunie 2005

Municipiul Deva este dominat de Dealul Cetăţii (371 m), de origine vulcanică, având forma unui trunchi de con alcătuit din andezite şi care oferă o privelişte asupra Văii Mureşului. Dealul Cetăţii este rezervaţie naturală datorită speciilor rare ale florei şi existenţei viperei cu corn (Vipera Ammodytes). Pe vârful dealului sunt ruinele cetăţii Devei construită în secolul al XIII-lea în timpul invaziilor mongole, în perioada romană timpurie şi menţionată documentar prima oară în 1269 cu numele Castrum Deva. A servit ca locuinţă a voevozilor Transilvaniei.

Cetatea a funcţionat ca fortăreaţă militară, iar în secolul al XV-lea a fost transformată în cetate nobiliară de către Iancu de Hunedoara. Mai târziu, între secolele al XVI-lea şi al XVIII-lea a fost amplificată, devenind una dintre cele mai puternice cetăţi din Transilvania. Cetatea a avut un rol de apărare în timpul incursiunilor otomane din secolele al XV-lea şi al XVI-lea, iar după anul 1607 s-a aflat în proprietatea principilor Transilvaniei. În 1686 a fost ocupată de austrieci care au rămas aici până în 1747. În 1784 a fost asediată fără succes de ţăranii răsculaţi şi de minerii din Munţii Apuseni, în timpul răscoalei conduse de Horia Cloşca şi Crişan.

În 1817 au început lucrări de renovare a cetăţii în urma unei vizite a împăratului Francisc I al Austriei. Lucrările au durat 12 ani, iar costurile totale ale restaurării au ajuns la peste 200 mii de florini. În 1848 cetatea a fost sediul trupelor imperiale care au intervenit împotriva revoluţiei maghiare, iar în 14 august 1849 a fost distrusă ca urmare a exploziei depozitului de muniţii.

Bibliografie

  • Dan Ghinea, Enciclopedia geografică a României, Editura Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 2000

Bibliografie recomandată

  • Floca, Octavian, Cetatea Deva, 1965