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Paharnic - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Paharnic

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În Evul Mediu, paharnicul era un maredregător din Moldova şi Ţara Românească, care avea grijă de băutura domnului şi de cea necesară meselor domneşti. În împrejurări deosebite sau la sărbători îl servea pe domn şi gusta din băutură înaintea acestuia, pentru a se asigura că aceasta nu era otrăvită. Asigura aprovizionarea cu vin necesară pivniţelor domneşti. Subalternii săi erau vtori-i şi treti-paharnicii, care serveau băutura la mesele obişnuite şi păhărniceii. Toţi subalternii paharnicului constituiau o categorie militară.

Paharnicul apare menţionat pentru prima dată în Ţara Românească, la 1392, iar în Moldova la 16 septembrie 1408. La început figura printre marii dregători din divanul ţării, dar în secolele XVIII-XIX importanţa lui s-a redus semnificativ. În ultimele decenii ale secolului XVIII, atribuţiile paharnicului revin cuparului, iar paharnicii rămân boieri cu titlu dar fără dregătorie.

În Moldova paharnicul se mai numea şi ceaşnic. Cel mai probabil denumirea de paharnic a fost împrumutată de la slavii din sud, iar cea de ceaşnic de la poloni sau de la lituanieni. Un personaj asemănător se găsea la toate curţile domneşti ale monarhilor feudali francezi, bizantini, unguri, etc.

Marele paharnic obţinea venituri importante dintr-o taxă numită păhărnicia, care trebuia plătită de proprietarii de vin. În Moldova, proprietarii de vie trebuiau să plătească paharnicului un plocon pentru a primi autorizaţia de a culege via. Tot în Moldova paharnicul obţinea venituri importante de la stărostia de la Cotnari, de unde strângea zeciuiala cuvenită domnului şi anumite dări pe veniturile din vânzarea vinului.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române, Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Sachelarie, Ovid; Stoicescu, Nicolae (coord.), Instituţii feudale din ţările române. Dicţionar, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, Bucureşti, 1988
  • Scorpan, Costin, Istoria României. Enciclopedie, Editura Nemira, Bucureşti, 1997 ISBN 973-569-180-9