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Dregător - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Dregător

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Dregător (deregător, diregător) este un termen care desemna în evul mediu în Moldova şi Muntenia pe boierii aflaţi în serviciul feudal la curtea domnului şi participanţi la sfatul domnesc. Cu vremea, aceşti boieri au căpătat în aparatul de conducere al ţării atribuţii administrative, militare sau judecătoreşti. În cursul veacurilor, atribuţiile unor dregători au căpătat o importanţă mai mare, ale altora au scăzut în importanţă ori s-au schimbat. În documentele scrise în limba slavă dregătorii sunt numiţi praviteli, ureadnici etc., în cele înscrise în limba latină barones şi comites, iar în limba română dregătorilor mari li se spunea boieri, iar celor mici slugi domneşti. Înţelesul original al termenului este de „administrator”.

Sistemul dregătorilor s-a aşezat în Ţara Românească sub domnia lui Mircea cel Bătrân iar în Moldova sub domnia lui Alexandru cel Bun. Cele două sisteme prezintă asemănări vizibile şi poartă amprenta organizării administrative a Imperiului Bizantin.

Principalii dregători şi atribuţiile lor erau: vornic, logofăt, vistier şi ban (cârmuitor al Olteniei). Alături de aceştia mai erau şi alţi dregători mari: spătar, stolnic, paharnic, comis, postelnic. În fine, mai erau şi dregători cu diverse atribuţii: clucer, jitnicer, sluger, pivnicer, cămăraş, medelnicer, portar, armaş, aprod, şătrar, ploscar, pitar şi alţii.

Marii dregători aveau şi subalterni, organizaţi la rândul lor în cete militare, denumiţi după numele şefului lor: vornicei, logofeţei, păhărnicei, stolnicei, postelnicei sau precizând gradul: al doilea logofăt (vtori), al treilea logofăt (treti). Mai erau apoi mici dregători având diferite funcţii în întreaga ţară: zapciu, pârcălab, ispravnic, staroste, serdar, agă, mare căpitan de dorobanţi, postelnic al doilea, vameş, caminar, clucer de arie, mare vornic de Târgovişte, mare vornic de cutie, mare logofăt de obiceiuri, hatman de divan, mare vornic de poliţie sau de oraş, mare logofăt al trebilor din afară etc.

Instituţia dregătorilor s-a perpetuat până la adoptarea Regulamentelor Organice şi chiar după acestea. Era o obişnuinţă ca dregătoriile să fie cumpărate sau vândute.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române, Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Sachelarie, Ovid; Stoicescu, Nicolae (coord.), Instituţii feudale din ţările române. Dicţionar, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, Bucureşti, 1988
  • Magazin Istoric - anul V, nr. 5 (50), mai 1971