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Pârcălab - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Pârcălab

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În Evul Mediu, pârcălabul era un dregător din Moldova şi Ţara Românească, însărcinat cu conducerea unui judeţ sau a unui ţinut. Avea importante atribuţii militare, administrative şi judecătoreşti. Era reprezentantul domnului în teritoriile supuse acestuia. În ţinuturile de margine din Moldova se mai numea şi staroste. Sub Ştefan cel Mare lua parte la sfatul domnesc şi avea un loc de frunte, după vornic. Însă ca urmare a decăderii cetăţilor în cursul secolului al XVII-lea, importanţa dregătoriei a scăzut şi ea. În secolul al XVIII-lea s-au înfiinţat ispravnicii de ţinuturi, iar pârcălabii au primit şi ei atribuţii de ispravnici, iar pe alocuri şi-au păstrat numele de pârcălabi (în ţinutul Covurluiului s-a păstrat până la Unirea Principatelor din 1859). În Ţara Românească rolul lor a fost mai redus, deoarece aici existau mai puţine cetăţi decât în Moldova.

Pârcălabul este atestat documentar în Ţara Românească în 1368, iar în Moldova din 26 septembrie 1387. Originea lui se regăseşte cel mai probabil în vremea lui Carol cel Mare. Documentele în limba latină pârcălabul apare cu denumirea de capitaneus sau castellanus. Denumirea de „pârcălab” a mai fost dată în Ţara Românească administratorilor satelor boiereşti şi mănăstireşti.

Interesant este că pârcălabul a existat şi în Transilvania. Acolo aveau rolul de comandanţi de cetate şi caracter militar. Astfel, în 1548, oraşul Bistriţa trimitea pe pârcălabul Thorozki la voievodul Moldovei. În secolele al XVII-lea - al XVIII-lea apar menţionaţi şi alţi pârcălabi precum cel al cetăţii Deva, Bistriţa sau Alba Iulia. Mai apar menţionaţi şi părcălabi de sate.

Bibliografie

  • Academia Republicii Populare Române, Dicţionar Enciclopedic Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1962-1964
  • Sachelarie, Ovid; Stoicescu, Nicolae (coord.), Instituţii feudale din ţările române. Dicţionar, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, Bucureşti, 1988
  • Scorpan, Costin, Istoria României. Enciclopedie, Editura Nemira, Bucureşti, 1997 ISBN 973-569-180-9