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Universitatea Săsească - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Universitatea Săsească

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Universitatea Săsească (în latină Universitas Saxonum) a fost o formă de organizare autonomă a saşilor din Transilvania care cuprindea totalitatea saşilor de pe pământul regesc. Această unitate juridică a fost explicit confirmată prin ratificarea Diplomei andreene de către regele Matei Corvin în 1486.

Universitatea ţinea adunări general cel puţin o dată pe an, de Sfânta Ecaterina (25 noiembrie). Cel mai înalt demnitar al Universităţii săseşti era comitele saşilor (Comes Saxonum). Deputaţii aleşi aveau datoria de a rezolva problemele cele mai importante şi litigiile din interiorul comunităţii.

După trei secole de funcţionare, în 1781, reforma promovată de Iosif al II-lea prevedea abolirea constituţiei stărilor şi implicit a Universităţii Săseşti. Măsura a zdruncinat din temelii naţiunea săsească şi autonomia lor seculară. Chiar dacă Universitatea Săsească a mai existat, de atunci înainte ea şi-a pierdut treptat din puteri şi prerogative. În 1848 ea a fost desfiinţată pentru a doua oară, după care a jucat un rol minor. În 1876 a fost complet desfiinţată, iar sub numele de „Universitate Săsească” a continuat să funcţioneze o fundaţie a saşilor, fără prerogative politice sau juridice.

Bibliografie

  • Wagner, Ernst, Istoria saşilor ardeleni, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti 2000 ISBN 973-99451-7-2