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Braşov - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Braşov

de la Enciclopedia României

Salt la: navigare, căutare
Municipiul
Braşov

Judeţul Braşov (BV)

Stema municipiului Brasov.png
Casa Sfatului din Braşov.jpg
Localităţi componente
Atestare 1234
Suprafaţă 267.32 km²
Populaţie 277569 locuitori (2010)
Densitate 1038.34 loc./km²
Altitudine medie 625 metri n. m.
Primar George Scripcaru (PDL)
Pagină web Site oficial al oraşului

Împărţirea administrativ-teritorială a României

Braşov este un municipiu situat în partea centrală a României, în Depresiunea Bârsei, la poalele masivului Tâmpa şi ale prelungirilor masivului Postăvaru.

Istoric

Săpăturile arheologice efectuate în arealul municipiului au scos la iveală vestigii de locuire din epoca de piatră şi din perioada daco-getică.

Prima menţionare documentară a localităţii datează din 1234 cu numele de Corona în Catalogus Ninivensis. A figurat în diferite documente cu denumirile de Brassovia (1251), Barasu (1252), Brasu (1271), Braso (1288), Brasov (1294), Brassov (1295), Brasso (1309), Brassov (1331), Korona (1336).

A devenit un centru comercial şi meşteşugăresc în secolele al XIV-lea - al XVIII-lea. A primit dreptul de a organiza târguri anuale şi săptămânale în 1364şi tot atunci încheia un acord comercial cu Vlaicu Vodă, domnitorul Ţării Româneşti. Aceste va fi reînnoit succesiv de domnitorii care s-au succedat, iar Braşovul a devenit unul din cei mai importanţi parteneri comerciali ai Ţării Româneşti. Meşteşugurile şi industria se vor dezvolta pentru a satisface cererea pieţei de la sud de Carpaţi.

În 1394 a început construirea primelor ziduri de fortificaţie ale oraşului. Pe plan politic Braşovul va juca un rol important în relaţie cu Ţara Românească, încheind alianţe cu numeroşi domnitori, ca Vlad Ţepeş sau Neagoe Basarab.

Pe plan cultural Braşovul a jucat rolul de focar de cultură românească. În 1495 este atestată prima şcoală românească, în Şcheii Braşovului. De-a lungul secolelor a devenit un centru cultural de referinţă care a dat şi susţinut fruntaşii românimii în lupta pentru emancipare naţională.

Demografie

La recensământul din 2002 populaţia stabilă a oraşului a fost de 284.596 locuitori. Conform comunicatului Institutului Naţional de Statistică, la data de 1 ianuarie 2010 municipiul Braşov avea o populaţie stabilă de 277569 locuitori, în scădere cu 479 de locuitori faţă de anul 2009.

<lines size=600x180 title="Evoluţia populaţiei municipiului Braşov" ymin=0 ymax=350000 colors=3B444B,F5B800,99BADD,BFFF00,C8A2C8 xlabel ylabel=4 grid=xy legend>

,total

1850,21782 1880,29584 1890,30739 1900,36646 1910,41056 1920,40335 1930,59232 1941,84557 1948,82984 1956,123834 1966,163345 1977,256475 1992,323736 2002,284596 2007,277945 2009,278048 2010,277569 </lines>

Obiective turistice

Monumente istorice

Arii protejate

Imagini

Bibliografie

  • Dan Ghinea, Enciclopedia geografică a României, Editura Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 2000

Note


Legături externe